Deno

Deno is a modern runtime environment for JavaScript and TypeScript, created by Ryan Dahl, the original developer of Node.js. Launched in 2018, Deno aims to address some of the limitations and design flaws of Node.js while providing a more secure and standards-compliant platform for server-side JavaScript development. Built on the V8 JavaScript engine and written in Rust, Deno offers improved performance and security compared to its predecessor.

Deno's key features include native TypeScript support, allowing developers to run TypeScript code without additional compilation steps. It uses a decentralized approach to package management, enabling direct imports of modules via URLs instead of relying on a centralized registry like npm. Deno emphasizes security by running code in a sandbox environment by default, requiring explicit permissions for file system access, network operations, and other potentially sensitive actions.

The runtime includes a comprehensive standard library and built-in developer tools such as a test runner, code formatter, and dependency inspector. Deno aligns closely with web standards, implementing many browser APIs to improve compatibility between server-side and client-side code. As of October 2024, the latest major release is Deno 2.0, which introduced full compatibility with Node.js and npm packages, allowing developers to use Deno in existing Node.js projects or migrate incrementally.