Solar renewable energy

Solar energy harnesses the power of the sun through photovoltaic cells or thermal collectors to generate electricity or heat. Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. This electricity can be used for residential, commercial, or utility-scale applications. Solar thermal technologies capture the sun's heat energy to produce steam, which can drive turbines for electricity generation or be used for heating and cooling systems in buildings and industrial processes.

The solar energy industry has witnessed substantial cost reductions over the past decade. Between 2010 and 2019, the cost of utility-scale solar photovoltaics fell by 82%, driven by increased demand, technological advancements, and economies of scale in manufacturing. This cost decline has made solar energy more competitive with conventional energy sources, driving its widespread adoption.

Solar energy is a renewable and sustainable source of power, producing no greenhouse gas emissions during operation. Its environmental impact is primarily related to the manufacturing and disposal of solar panels, which can be mitigated through responsible recycling and sustainable manufacturing practices.

The US has been a leader in solar energy deployment, with non-hydro renewables increasing their share of electric power generation from less than one percent in 2005 to over 12.5% by the end of 2020. Federal and state incentives, such as the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) and Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), have played a crucial role in promoting solar energy adoption across the country.